Tili ndi ukatswiri kupanga ndi okhazikika kukonzekera ndi kuyeretsa zitsulo, oxides ndi mankhwala kuti 4N, 5N, 6N ndi 7N chiyero ndi njira zosiyanasiyana electrolysis, distillation, zone-kuyandama ndi zosiyanasiyana kaphatikizidwe zofunika ndi kukula galasi monga mkulu kuthamanga ofukula Bridgman. HPVB, low pressure LPB, vertical modified Bridgman VB, horizontal modified Bridgman HB, physical vapor deposition PVD, chemical vapor deposition CVD njira ndi njira yotenthetsera yoyendayenda THM etc kuti akwaniritse zofunikira za makasitomala athu pa kafukufuku, chitukuko ndi kupanga mu ntchito monga makhiristo a thermoelectric, kukula kwa crystal imodzi, electro-optics, kafukufuku wofunikira,Kujambula kwa infrared, ma lasers owoneka ndi pafupi ndi IR, X-ray ndi gamma ray kuzindikira, kulonjeza zinthu za photorefractive, electro-optic modulator, terahertz generation ndi radiation detector microelectronic, monga gawo lapansi la kukula kwa epitaxial, magwero a vacuum evaporation ndi zolinga za atomiki sputtering etc.
Zipangizo zonse zimatsimikiziridwa ndi luso laukadaulo waukadaulo wowunikira njira zingapo zowunikira zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito poyang'anira bwino pakuwunika kwa microstructure ndi magwiridwe antchito monga photoluminescence PL, ma microscope ma infrared IR transmission microscopy, scanning electron microscopy SEM ndi X-ray diffraction XRD, ICP-MS ndi Zida za GDMS etc.